Dental fluorosis prevalence and severity using deans index. Indexes for measuring dental fluorosis horowitz 1986 journal. Nonspecific descriptive indices such as the developmental defects of enamel index have also been used to record fluorosis. This would basically equate to about 78% of children having very mild fluorosis, and 23% of children having mild fluorosis. The mean iq scores did not vary with the severity of dental fluorosis as classified by deans fluorosis index.
It is widely used and provides a basis for current and historical comparisons of fluorosis. In clinical work one of the most widely used methods of classifying and recording dental fluorosis is the dental fluorosis index dfi formulated by dean 1942. A comparison of subjectlevel severity scores for dean s index resulted in percent agreement ranging from 79. Dental fluorosis was scored using deans modified index.
Deans fluorosis index legal definition of deans fluorosis index. Criteria for deans fluorosis index 20 score criteria normal the enamel represents the usual translucent semivitriform type of structure. Prevalence of dental fluorosis due to high levels of fluoride in drinking water is an endemic global. Agreement on the presence or absence of fluorosis using dean s definition of fluorosis ranged from 92 to 97 percent and the respective kappa values ranged from 0. Percentage weighted dental fluorosis severity levels, based on personlevel deans fluorosis index, among. The exam was performed by two qualified and standardized observers accordingly to the who criteria 15. Fluorosis has most commonly been recorded using clinical examinations and photographs. Prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in the united. Dental caries and dental fluorosis at varying water fluoride concentrations. The fluorosis was quantitated as per deans fluorosis index. Aug 15, 2017 fluorosis is a crippling disease resulted from deposition of fluorides in the hard and soft tissues of body.
Oct 09, 2016 deans fluorosis index modified criteria 1942 combined moderately severe and severe 6 point ordinal scale extensively used today recommended by who in its basic survey manualw. The community fluorosis index cfi is a way of measuring the burden of dental fluorosis in a population. Smith et al 1931 1931 shoe leather survey by trendley h. In contrast deans index of fluorosis records only the appearance of dental fluorosis following a judgement of fluorosis by the examiner. Cdcnchs, national health and nutrition examination survey, 19992004.
Dental fluorosis is defined as having very mild, mild, moderate, or severe forms and is based on deans fluorosis index. Deans fluorosis index definition of deans fluorosis index. On examination he had mild grade of fluorosis according to dean s fluorosis index in his teeth 23 and 33 43 figure 1. A comparison of tooth fluorosis scores deans index with the percenta ge of teeth that were sound, decayed, or filled in children from areas with above optimal water fluoride concentrations showed that children with a fluorosis classification of 4 had markedly. National health and nutrition examination survey, 19992004 and 20112016. The traditional criteria the dean index for diagnosing dental fluorosis was developed in the first half of the 20th century by h.
It was also found that a higher percentage of children with dental fluorosis was in the extremely low and low iq categories, whereas a higher percentage of children without dental. Dean s index is scored on the condition of these two teeth. In the 20th century, the various indices used for measurement of dental fluorosis are. Deans index in a study of dental fluorosis, and shows the effect on kappa.
All other teeth were present, no dental caries was found. Fluorosis is a crippling disease resulted from deposition of fluorides in the hard and soft tissues of body. Using the scores obtained for all teeth present df28 as a gold standard, we calculated the sensitivity. If the two teeth are not equally affected score on the least affected. O, 1997 the scoring system 04 fluorosis index department of public health dentistry. An individual s fluorosis score is based on the most severe form of fluorosis found on two or more teeth. Matrices, in children with dental fluorosis, measured with deans fluorosis index, compared to those without dental fluorosis p fluoride. Synonyms for dean s fluorosis index in free thesaurus. Public health service in 1950, it was believed that the community fluorosis index in areas with 1 ppm fluoride in water would be between 0. Dean devised an index for assessing the presence and severity of mottled enamel.
At the department of childrens dental medicine to the medical university sofia 18 children aged 4 15 were treated for different degrees of fluorosis. The dean study demolishes the twentyonecity study by dean et al using research by the late. Deans fluorosis index article about deans fluorosis index. Among 12 year olds, the difference between df28 and df6 was 20. Fluorotic lesions are bilaterally symmetrical and tend to show a horizontal striated pattern across the tooth. Among the dean fluorosis index id and dental caries index dmft and dmfs, when the kappa test was applied, congruence was observed in the diagnosis criteria of 87% and 95% for fluorosis caries index re spectively.
Prevalence of dental caries and dental fluorosis among 12 and. Community fluorosis index cfi fluoride action network. If fluorosis is present then decide on the two most severely affected teeth. Percent distribution of dental fluorosis among persons aged 649. Dental fluorosis prevalence and severity using deans index based on six teeth and on 28 teeth article pdf available in clinical oral investigations 123. Deans fluorosis index dfi criteria and scoring on the nhanes dental.
Dean provided a standard classification system for clinical. Percentage % prevalence of dental fluorosis in the studied population of the study sites. The community fluorosis index cfi is a way of measuring the burden of dental. Fluoride action network community fluorosis index cfi.
Pdf dental fluorosis prevalence and severity using dean. Dean s fluorosis index was first published in 1934 by h. Deans index is scored on the condition of these two teeth. Fluorosis deans index fluorosis deans index this index records a fluorosis score for the anterior permanent maxillary incisors for respondents aged 6 12. Deans earliest research on fluoride began with investigations into dental fluorosis. Although no numbers were used it was considered to be on an ordinal scale. Epidemiologic indices for measuring the clinical manifestations of. Fluorosis index department of public health dentistry 9 9. The method of microabrasion was applied employing the readymade product opalustre, and the remineralisation employing tooth mousse. The first phase of treatment involved oral prophylaxis.
Pdf dental fluorosis prevalence and severity using deans. Although no numbers were used it was considered to be on ordinal scale. Fluorosis index department of public health dentistry 10 the fluorosis index set criteria for categorization of dental fluorosis on a 7 point scale. Fluoride exposure, from any source, during the period of tooth development is associated with. The fluorosis index set criteria for categorisation of dental fluorosis on a 7point scale. To contrast the sensitivity, specificity, and positivenegative predictive values between dental fluorosis prevalence scored on 28 df28 and on six permanent teeth df6, we undertook a crosssectional study on 1,538 adolescents 12 and 15 years old residing in hidalgo state, mexico, a naturally fluoridated 0. Prevalence of dental fluorosis and fluoride content of drinking water in rural areas of malappuram district, kerala. Consequently, it is assumed that the level of urinary fluoride and dental fluorosis could increase due to fluoride emissions from brick kilns and groundwater fluoride. Dean, with others, went on to publish their famous twopart, twentyonecity study in 1942. Matrices, in children with dental fluorosis, measured with deans fluorosis index, compared to those without dental fluorosis p and dental fluorosis. The surface is smooth, glossy, and usually of a pale creamy white colour.
The index underwent two changes, appearing in its final form in 1942. It is a public health problem caused by excess intake of fluoride through drinking waterfood productsindustrial pollutants over a long period. Deans fluorosis index synonyms, deans fluorosis index. Deans fluorosis index article about deans fluorosis. Dental fluorosis will be one of the first indicators of fluorosis.
When scoring, start at the higher end of the index i. This list is usually at the back of a book, and the table of contents is. The prevalence of dental caries among children was 56. While the dean index is still widely used in surveys of fluorosis including the cdcs national surveys of fluorosis in the united states dental researchers have developed more finely tuned diagnostic scales. The continued use of deans classification system and derived index cfi for more than a half.
In 1931 this condition of teeth was found to b correlated to fluoride content of drinking water. Deans index of dental fluor osis deans index of dental fluorosis figure 2. Dental fluorosis is a chronic fluoride induced condition in which an excess of fluoride is incorporated in the developing tooth enamel and disrupt the enamel formation of the tooth. Megan brickley, rachel ives, in the bioarchaeology of metabolic bone disease, 2008. Ingestion of excess fluoride, most commonly in drinkingwater affects the teeth and bones. Instead of just measuring the overall prevalence of fluorosis i. These include fluorosis specific indices such as deans index. The statistical analysis was done using spss version 16.
Pdf dental fluorosis prevalence and severity using deans index. Source year of age sample water fluorosis index publication yr size fluoride prevalence level ppm fluoridated segreto et al. Sign up or login to train in dean s index of fluorosis. If all defects are recorded, a retrospective attempt to reconstruct which of them are fluorosis is inappropriate. Fluorine in water and dental fluorosis in a community of.